Design and experimentation of remote driving system for robotic speed sprayer operating in orchard environment

The automation of agricultural machines is an irreversible trend considering the demand for improved productivity and lack labor in handling tasks. Unstructured working environments weather often inhibit a seemingly simple task from being fully autonomously performed. In this context, we propose remote driving system (RDS) to aid designed operate autonomously. Particularly, modify commercial speed sprayer orchard into robotic evaluate proposed RDS's usability test three sensor configurations terms human performance. Furthermore, confidence error ellipse-based performance measure addition, present field experimental results describing how affect We find that combination semiautonomous line tracking device wide-angle camera most effective spraying. Finally, discuss improve RDS obtain more accurate